Which of the evolution events can be modeled by one or more double-cut-and-join operations?

I - Translocation
II - Reversion
III - Block Exchange

1. I and II.
2. I and III.
3. II and III.
4. I, II and III.
5. None of the above.

Original idea by: João Paulo Pereira Zanetti
Translate help: Leandro José de Bortoli

Given the sequence π = (-3, 2, -5, -6, 7, -8, 1, 4, 9), which of the following sequences can be obtained from π by applying a reversal?

1. (-3 -7 6 5 -2 -8 1 4 9)
2. (9 4 1 -8 7 -6 -5 2 -3)
3. (3 -2 5 6 -7 8 -1 -4 -9)
4. (-3 -2 -5 -6 -7 -8 1 4 9)
5. NDA

Original Idea by: Danilo Brandão Gonçalves
Translate help: Leandro José de Bortoli

Given the data set and tree below, using the parismony method choose the right answer.

1. The minimun changes of state needed is 7.
2. The minimun changes of state needed is 8.
3. The reconstruction of the character 2 has two change of states.
4. The reconstruction of the character 3 has two change of states.
5. None of the above.

Original Idea by: Leandro José de Bortoli