With respect to PQ and PQR trees, select the incorrect alternative:

     a) All PQ tree is a PQR tree, but the opposite is not valid.
     b) The children of a node R can arbitrarily permutate with each other, as well as the children of a node Q.
     c) Intersection, disjoint union and noncontained complement are operations used to calculate the completion of a collection of sets.
     d) There is always a PQR tree that represents a collection of sets, regardless of what is this set.
     e) None of the above.

Original idea by: Celmar Guimarães da Silva
Translate help: Leandro José de Bortoli

In a PQ-tree, with respect to a new restriction, which of the following statements is true?

   a. If a node is partial, then none of its child nodes is full
   b. If a node is partial, then none of its child nodes is pertinent
   c. If a node has any of its child nodes empty, then it can only be an empty node
   d. If a node has any of its child nodes full, then it can only be a pertinent node
   e. None of the above

Original idea by: Priscila Nascimento Biller
Translate help by: Leandro José de Bortoli

Given the genome {1 8 3 9 7 6 2 5 4}, what is the block exchange distance defined by Christie (1996)?

1. 3
2. 4
3. 5
4. 6
5. None of the above.

Original idea by: Leandro José de Bortoli

According to the article by Anne Bergeron, A Very Presentation Elementary Theory of Hannenhalli-Pevzner, 2005, which of the alternatives below DON'T represents the result of a reversal which minimizes the resulting score when applied at p = (1 6 4 -3 -5 2 7 -8)? 

     a) (4 5 6 1 -2 -3 -8 7)
     b) (2 1 6 4 -3 -5 -8 -7)     c) (1 -2 -3 -5 -4 -6 -8 7)
     d) (1 3 2 -4 -5 -6 -8 7)
     e) None of the above.

Original idea by: Adriano Batista Prieto
Translate help by: Leandro José de Bortoli

What is the result of applying the signed reversal ρ (B, D) in the circular genome π = (ABCD) (D -B -C -A)?

1. ρπ = (B C -A -D) (D A -C -B)
2. ρπ = (A B C D) (-D -C -B -A)
3. ρπ = (B C -D -A) (-C -B A D)
4. ρπ = (-D -C -B A) (-A B C D)
5. None of the above.

Original idea by: Marcus Vinícius Benedito
Translate help: Leandro José de bortoli

Which of the evolution events can be modeled by one or more double-cut-and-join operations?

I - Translocation
II - Reversion
III - Block Exchange

1. I and II.
2. I and III.
3. II and III.
4. I, II and III.
5. None of the above.

Original idea by: João Paulo Pereira Zanetti
Translate help: Leandro José de Bortoli

Given the sequence π = (-3, 2, -5, -6, 7, -8, 1, 4, 9), which of the following sequences can be obtained from π by applying a reversal?

1. (-3 -7 6 5 -2 -8 1 4 9)
2. (9 4 1 -8 7 -6 -5 2 -3)
3. (3 -2 5 6 -7 8 -1 -4 -9)
4. (-3 -2 -5 -6 -7 -8 1 4 9)
5. NDA

Original Idea by: Danilo Brandão Gonçalves
Translate help: Leandro José de Bortoli